Rhetoric
mostafa mirdar rezaei; SIAVASH HAQJOU; farzad baloo
Abstract
The artist's intervention in the field of language causes the creation of an image; This transformation is formed by using elements that exist in the channel of language and are considered one of its inherent abilities. By discovering and using these tools, the poet interferes with the natural norm of ...
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The artist's intervention in the field of language causes the creation of an image; This transformation is formed by using elements that exist in the channel of language and are considered one of its inherent abilities. By discovering and using these tools, the poet interferes with the natural norm of language and creates an image through this manipulation. One of the platforms for the appearance of the poet's thoughts and the structure of his epistemological system is poetic images, and from this point of view, the scale of the complexity of his mind and language can be examined with poets of other styles. Individual and combined artworks are necessary and basic tools in the direction of creating poetic images, and it is inevitable to examine them when analyzing and analyzing the geometry of poetic images. The knowledge of stylistics with the two features of frequency and comparison can be a suitable criterion for investigating the geometry of poetic images. The present research, which is written in a quantitative-statistical way and with a stylistic approach, by examining the structure of the poetic images of one-by-one verses of Divan Hatef Isfahani, tries to avoid common generalizations in Regarding the similarity of Hatif's poetry to the poets of previous styles, by presenting accurate and clear statistics of the poet's use of expressive art structures, besides determining the level and quality of the structure of Hatif's images in terms of simplicity or complexity, by analogy with geometry.
Rhetoric
ali reza bafrani
Abstract
Jalal Baghai Naeini is one of the contemporary classic poets who owes his fame to his humorous pieces. He is trying to fight against the suffocating conditions and censorship of Iran's society before the revolution with his strong character and delicate spirit. From this point of view, he uses humor ...
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Jalal Baghai Naeini is one of the contemporary classic poets who owes his fame to his humorous pieces. He is trying to fight against the suffocating conditions and censorship of Iran's society before the revolution with his strong character and delicate spirit. From this point of view, he uses humor and eloquence in a funny and artistic way in the service of reforming the society of his time. He criticizes the government and related institutions, as well as various aspects of society and life, and uses the razor of humor to break the silence and shout out the pains and disorders. This research was written with analytical-descriptive method and using library sources and it seeks to answer the question that what is the secret of survival of traditional Baghai poems in an age where there is not much tendency towards classical poetry? From the sum of the investigations, it can be said that what makes the audience happy and excited in these poems is the rhetorical and special techniques of Baqi, the peak of which, in addition to his spirit of sarcasm and humor, should be in the correct and appropriate use of language factors. and expression in the form of anecdotes and allegories, original and eloquent similes and metaphors, eloquent and rhetorical responses, being influenced by events and experiences and also paying attention to He knew the language and culture of the people.
Rhetoric
Mahdi Heidari
Abstract
Immortality and eternal life are common topics in Persian literature, especially mystical literature. In the Safavid era, poets used many conceptual metaphors to explain abstract themes due to their tendency towards the language of the people. Conceptual or cognitive metaphors, according to Lakoff and ...
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Immortality and eternal life are common topics in Persian literature, especially mystical literature. In the Safavid era, poets used many conceptual metaphors to explain abstract themes due to their tendency towards the language of the people. Conceptual or cognitive metaphors, according to Lakoff and Johnson's theory, are frequently used in language based on human sensory and dynamic experiences and to explain his mentalities. Persian poets have also explained many complexities of the mind with this type of metaphors in a concrete way in the language. Saeb Tabrizi is one of the poets of Indian style who has included many cognitive metaphors in his poems to understand the eternal life. In this study, based on the descriptive method and the theory of Lakoff and Johnson, we will examine the conceptual metaphors of Saeb's poems to explain eternal life in the form of 40 maps. Using structural and ontological metaphors, Saeb has considered quantitative eternal life as the essence of emptiness and has defined immortality qualitatively in the acquisition of moral and mystical virtues.
Rhetoric
Mohammad Hossein Movahed; Amir Moqaddam Mottaqi; Safa Kazemian Moqaddam
Abstract
One of the factors that differentiate between literary writings and make a powerful comparison between them is the productivity of the text from the artistic styles within the text. Although Saadi owes most of his fame to his unique Persian poetry, his Arabic poems are not far from the range of literary ...
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One of the factors that differentiate between literary writings and make a powerful comparison between them is the productivity of the text from the artistic styles within the text. Although Saadi owes most of his fame to his unique Persian poetry, his Arabic poems are not far from the range of literary richness. However, contradictory statements have been made in this regard.. Some consider his Arabic poems as valuable as his Persian poems, while others consider Saadi to be weak in this field and consider his poems to be much weaker than the Arabic poems of others. It should be kept in mind that the Arabic language has many structural and semantic subtleties that can multiply the beauty of the speech, among which the rhetorical style of presentation and delay can be mentioned.Based on the descriptive-analytical research method, this research deals with the extent to which Saadi was successful in Arabic poetry focusing on the use of presentation and delay style and to what extent his poems have artistic and verbal values. The results indicate that Professor Sokhon used the method of offering and delaying profit 177 times, without considering the mandatory cases, he used permissible purposeful transfers 134 times.By using this style, he has been able to achieve goals such as allocation, regret, respect for intervals, surprise, complaint, poems about causation, pleasure, help, understatement, pity, reprimand, correctness of confrontation, bowing, bowing, complaint, etc. find and finally bring his Arabic poems to an admirable level.
Rhetoric
Ahmad Aryan; ahmad goli; Rahman Moshtaghmehr
Abstract
SummaryStrangeness in a word means that it is not clear and unfamiliar in use, which most rhetoric scholars have considered to be a defect in eloquence. The oldest book that had mentioned the oddity in Islamic rhetoric and proposed the non-use of it as a condition of eloquence is Khatib Qazvini's "Al ...
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SummaryStrangeness in a word means that it is not clear and unfamiliar in use, which most rhetoric scholars have considered to be a defect in eloquence. The oldest book that had mentioned the oddity in Islamic rhetoric and proposed the non-use of it as a condition of eloquence is Khatib Qazvini's "Al Izah" and since then, through the history of the teaching of rhetoric, the principle has been followed up to now. But contemporary rhetoricians consider this model of eloquence, and many other principles of traditional rhetoric, to be ineffective in the face of contemporary literary criticism and the analysis as well as aesthetics of literary texts. They have presented their theories in this regard in several articles and insisted to revise them. This article, considering the criticism of traditional rhetoric and the necessity of its revision, has studied one of the defects of eloquence in an analytical-critical way, With the presupposition that traditional eloquence with its negative patterns, willy-nilly neglected poetic language, it has shown its efficiency more in the field of grammar than rhetoric. Poetry or prose in its simultaneity axis, the nature of language and from the point of view of stylistics, it is a kind of defamiliarization and avoidance of norms that has caused the stylistic differentiation of the writer or poet, it can play an important role in shaping the literariness of speech.
Rhetoric
hossein ettehadi
Abstract
Some poets of Persian language have had a more tendency to arrange words and make complex speech. Among all, Khaqani Shirvani has been considered the leader of this group of poets. Khaqani's excessive approach to finding new meanings and inventing far-fetched images, as well as his interest in complexities, ...
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Some poets of Persian language have had a more tendency to arrange words and make complex speech. Among all, Khaqani Shirvani has been considered the leader of this group of poets. Khaqani's excessive approach to finding new meanings and inventing far-fetched images, as well as his interest in complexities, has led to flaws and weaknesses in his words in some cases. The Present research, which was carried out, using a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question of whether these slips and mistakes had an effect on the complexity of Khaqani's speech . The results showed that the poet had sometimes proposed proportions between some elements without mentioning similarities and thus justifying the similarities and finding the aspects of proportion between them seemed far-fetched. Even in some cases, these claimed proportions could convey a concept that was contrary to the poet's intention to the audience. Also, the combinations and interpretations he had invented in some cases did not match the standards of eloquence and syntax of the language. In addition, the density of images and themes in the horizontal axis of the verses had caused the connections and proportions he had claimed to interfere with each other in some cases. All these cases could influence the complexity and ambiguity of the poet's words.
Rhetoric
Azar Salarvand
Abstract
abstractRhetoric is the main subject of literature and it is used in the meaning of linguistic mastery, eloquence, eloquence, eloquence, maturity and growth, and in the term, it is eloquent speech that is in accordance with the requirements of the situation and position.The authors of prominent interpretative ...
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abstractRhetoric is the main subject of literature and it is used in the meaning of linguistic mastery, eloquence, eloquence, eloquence, maturity and growth, and in the term, it is eloquent speech that is in accordance with the requirements of the situation and position.The authors of prominent interpretative and mystical texts are generally familiar with literary sciences and especially the knowledge of rhetoric, and sometimes they have subtle references to some of the hidden secrets of this knowledge in the beginning of their works, among which we can mention Abul Fattouh Razi, Abul Fazl Mibdi, Ain al-Qadat Hamdani. , Mostamli Bukhari and... pointed out. But since a group of these rhetorical points have remained far from the eyes of rhetorical leaders and have received less attention; It is necessary to discover, plan and analyze them from among their writings. The present study tries to study and investigate some important interpretive and mystical texts, with analytical-descriptive method, to present and analyze those rare rhetorical arts that have been neglected from the point of view of rhetoric scholars. After analyzing the samples, the authors conclude that in mystical texts and ancient Quranic interpretations, there are rarely used and rarely found techniques such as: lexical analysis, the theory of the wrongdoing, multiple meanings of words, politeness of questions, etc. .Keywords: rhetoric, interpretive texts, mystical texts, rhetorical omissions.
Rhetoric
allahnemat behragham; Sadegh Arshi
Abstract
A pun is one of the appearance poetry industry that exposes the harmony of words (and sometimes meanings) in the vocabulary in the external view to the reader. But still, rhetoricians, far from considering the rich and fruitful linguistic structure of puns, have not reached an agreement and consolidation ...
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A pun is one of the appearance poetry industry that exposes the harmony of words (and sometimes meanings) in the vocabulary in the external view to the reader. But still, rhetoricians, far from considering the rich and fruitful linguistic structure of puns, have not reached an agreement and consolidation in the struggle of its poetry industry division. According to the prevailing consensus in the classifications, the pun should appear natural and innocuous; But if the pun disturbs the structure and form of the sentence, the meaning will be disturbed. What is clear is that industries such as puns cannot add to the prosperity without taking into account deep-rooted considerations. This research, relying on the analytical-descriptive method based on library documents, aims to find the roots of division problems and categorize and verify their causes. The findings of the present research show that the fabric of Persian and Arabic rhetoric is so intertwined that the science of innovation, in poetry industry such as puns, does not have a correct understanding of its definitions and categories due to the diversity of taste in its naming and usage. The results of the current research show that most of the puns are used more or less with the same name translated in Persian; But the diversity of taste in the classification and naming of Persian and Arabic puns makes the audience not only aware, but also more confused.
Rhetoric
Akram naiemi; shahrokh hekmat; mohsen izadyar
Abstract
Various analyses conducted by linguists in the past decades to analyze metaphor have proposed a new concept of it called conceptual metaphor to show its clear distinction from traditional definitions. Traditional metaphors emphasize more on form and appearance, but conceptual metaphors are formed on ...
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Various analyses conducted by linguists in the past decades to analyze metaphor have proposed a new concept of it called conceptual metaphor to show its clear distinction from traditional definitions. Traditional metaphors emphasize more on form and appearance, but conceptual metaphors are formed on hidden concepts and imagery within the framework of cognitive semantics, based on which human emotions are depicted as various objective things. Among these emotions is the abstract concept of "sadness" which is manifested in various forms in the thought of poets. Sohrab Sepehri and Federico Garcia Lorca are among the poets who have depicted the abstract concept of "sadness" with different schemas. They have objectified the mental concept of grief mostly in the form of structural metaphors and with directional and agent schemas. Their least use is evident in the section of spatial metaphors. The application of the conceptual metaphor of "grief" in the poems of Sepehri and Lorca was more prominent in the section of ontological metaphors in the form of man and nature, which indicates the closeness of their views on the aforementioned mental concept. This research was conducted using the method of analyzing and describing evidence from the poetry of the studied poets, in which we first extracted the mental concept of "grief" based on cognitive linguistic theorists, then with the help of various theories proposed by cognitive linguists, especially Lakoff and Johnson, we explained and interpreted them in order to prove its mental images for the audience
Rhetoric
Mohsen mirzakhani
Abstract
Khaqani has used various, numerous and plural modes of expression in the creation of his poetry; So that this has made this poet's poetry stand out from other poets. The rhetorical function of medical teachings in Khaqani's Diwan Qasayd is one of these approaches. This poet has used medical terms and ...
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Khaqani has used various, numerous and plural modes of expression in the creation of his poetry; So that this has made this poet's poetry stand out from other poets. The rhetorical function of medical teachings in Khaqani's Diwan Qasayd is one of these approaches. This poet has used medical terms and their signs abundantly in his poetry. In this research, with analytical-descriptive method and rhetorical approach, we have tried to answer the question of how Khaqani, knowing the knowledge of medicine, used medical terms as the basis of his poetic imagery and what rhetorical techniques he used to create this important. And what effect did this process have on his poetic aesthetics? For this purpose, we have analyzed the commonly used medical terms in his poems, and for example, we have examined the verses that Khaqani used medical terms as a tool for his imagery in art creation. By examining some commonly used medical terms in Khaqani's poems, it became clear that understanding and receiving Khaqani's poetry requires various knowledge, including medicine, etc., and the reader of his poems will not enjoy his poetry as much as he should without knowledge of these sciences. The second point is that Khaqani, with his artistic genius and keen mind, has easily been able to find similarities and similarities between phenomena that are very far apart, using medical terms and rhetorical knowledge in the field of expression and the use of similes and metaphors. Create original and artistic images of medical terms.
Rhetoric
mahdi sadeghi
Abstract
Today, the science of expression is an essential element in the explanation of the material of speech and rhetorical criticism, and it is a platform for imagination and the development of the artistic image of speech. This research investigates this element with a descriptive-analytical and testimonial ...
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Today, the science of expression is an essential element in the explanation of the material of speech and rhetorical criticism, and it is a platform for imagination and the development of the artistic image of speech. This research investigates this element with a descriptive-analytical and testimonial method with the aim of discovering rhetorical points in ritual-Ashurai dirges. The results of the research indicate that the science of expression and its coordinates help the poet to measure the amount of speech according to the requirements of the situation and the audience, and to measure the brevity and detail of the speech in accordance with the time and status, as the content, action and function of the speech. Convince the spiritual desire and spiritual emotions of the audience, and on the other hand, while paying attention to the beauty of the speech, make the essence of the philosophy of Ashura brighter. In this way, the poet puts the "principle of Ashura" as the criterion of speech and expands the external and internal structure of speech (texture of speech) under the light of the principles of Ashura with the help of various layers of expression. This causes the images of the poem (simile, metaphor, alliteration, irony) to become a tool for expressing the poet's intention and, as a result, the meaning of the word. In general, the correlation of words with discussion and topic, the absence of words from nonsense and frills, conveying many words and meanings in few phrases,
