Rhetoric
shayeste sadat hoseini robat; enayatollah sharifpour; Gholam Abbas Zakari
Abstract
Formalists consider language to have two functions: automatic and highlighting. Highlighting is based on two types of rule addition and rule reduction. Rule reduction also has types, the most poetic of which is semantic rule reduction. Semantic rule reduction is consistent with the arts of simile and ...
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Formalists consider language to have two functions: automatic and highlighting. Highlighting is based on two types of rule addition and rule reduction. Rule reduction also has types, the most poetic of which is semantic rule reduction. Semantic rule reduction is consistent with the arts of simile and metaphor in terms of selection and with paradox and allusion in terms of combination. In this study, using a descriptive-analytical method, we have conducted a comparative study of semantic rule reduction from the perspective of formalism in the ghazals of Saadi and Hossein Monzavi. The importance of the study is that it examines for the first time the differences and similarities of semantic rule reduction from the perspective of formalism in the ghazals of Saadi and Monzavi. In this study, we found that among the types of simile. In Saadi's poetry, the simple simile ranks second and the detailed simile ranks third, while in the isolated ghazal, detailed simile is used more than the simple. Among the types of metaphor, anthropomorphism has the highest frequency in the ghazals of both poets, and this type of metaphor also plays a prominent role from a formalistic perspective. Regarding the types of paradox under study, in the ghazals of both poets, semantic paradox at the verse level has the highest frequency and formal impact. In the artistic models of allusions under study, lexical allusions in the ghazals of both poets have the highest frequency of impact on form and structure.
javad ranjbar; Ameneh Sarvestani; Abbas Najafi
Abstract
Conceptual metaphor theory is one of the most important theories in the field of cognitive linguistics. The basis of this theory is based on the conceptualization of intangible concepts through structured sensory experiences. The problem of this research is to examine poems by Badrshakar al-Siyab and ...
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Conceptual metaphor theory is one of the most important theories in the field of cognitive linguistics. The basis of this theory is based on the conceptualization of intangible concepts through structured sensory experiences. The problem of this research is to examine poems by Badrshakar al-Siyab and Houshang Ibtahaj, whose origin or destination is "love" and related words. The concept of love is one of the main poetic themes. These two poets have devoted their efforts to give a new dawn to the value and respect of love at a time when love and affection are on the decline by using a conceptual metaphor. In this way, the goal of cognitive characteristics, cultural, social constructions and worldviews of the minds of these two poets in relation to the element of love can be achieved. Based on the analytical descriptive method and the comparative approach of the American school, the present research examines the common and non-common conceptual domains of the conceptual metaphor of "love" in the poems of Badrshakar al-Siyab and Houshang Ebtahaj. The results indicate that the most important domains common to the conceptualization of "love" in the poetry of these two poets are the human domain, giving life to love, fire, house and flowers. As in Al-Siyab's poetry and Ibtahaj's poetry, "man" and "fire" have the highest frequency. Among the non-common subject domains in Badr Shaker al-Siyab's poetry, we can mention the domains of wine, desert, boat, water and goddess, and the domains of animals, music,
