Document Type : applied research
Authors
1 PhD student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran
Abstract
Formalists consider language to have two functions: automatic and highlighting. Highlighting is based on two types of rule addition and rule reduction. Rule reduction also has types, the most poetic of which is semantic rule reduction. Semantic rule reduction is consistent with the arts of simile and metaphor in terms of selection and with paradox and allusion in terms of combination. In this study, using a descriptive-analytical method, we have conducted a comparative study of semantic rule reduction from the perspective of formalism in the ghazals of Saadi and Hossein Monzavi. The importance of the study is that it examines for the first time the differences and similarities of semantic rule reduction from the perspective of formalism in the ghazals of Saadi and Monzavi. In this study, we found that among the types of simile. In Saadi's poetry, the simple simile ranks second and the detailed simile ranks third, while in the isolated ghazal, detailed simile is used more than the simple. Among the types of metaphor, anthropomorphism has the highest frequency in the ghazals of both poets, and this type of metaphor also plays a prominent role from a formalistic perspective. Regarding the types of paradox under study, in the ghazals of both poets, semantic paradox at the verse level has the highest frequency and formal impact. In the artistic models of allusions under study, lexical allusions in the ghazals of both poets have the highest frequency of impact on form and structure.
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