Hadis Ahmadi; Mahin Panahi; sepideh yeganeh
Abstract
Layered stylistics is a method of contemporary stylistics that examines and analyzes works in a textual manner based on the layers that create them (lexical, phonetic, syntactic, rhetorical, and ideological). Using layered stylistics, one can achieve the characteristics of individual style, thoughts ...
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Layered stylistics is a method of contemporary stylistics that examines and analyzes works in a textual manner based on the layers that create them (lexical, phonetic, syntactic, rhetorical, and ideological). Using layered stylistics, one can achieve the characteristics of individual style, thoughts and ideology that govern the text of the poet or writer. The main question of the research is how the stylistic features of a work can be studied and determined using layered stylistics. Accordingly, Salman Sajoji's lyric poems were examined in syntactic and lexical layers with a statistical-analytical approach. It is noteworthy, From the stylistic feature of the syntactic layer, we can point to the shift from the standard syntax, the emphasis on the verb and the complement of the verb, as its tools, which has led to the formation of a continuous and active syntactic style. Layered stylistics is a method of contemporary stylistics that examines and analyzes works in a textual manner based on the layers that create them (lexical, phonetic, syntactic, rhetorical, and ideological).
Khodabakhsh Asadollahi; Mansour Alizadeh
Abstract
The breadth of human experiences with the "dog" animal has made it possible to understand many abstract concepts. Rumi, considering the breadth of his thought and the diversity of his views, has used the most capacities of this experience and has also made the positive destination areas tangible along ...
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The breadth of human experiences with the "dog" animal has made it possible to understand many abstract concepts. Rumi, considering the breadth of his thought and the diversity of his views, has used the most capacities of this experience and has also made the positive destination areas tangible along with the negative destination areas with this image. The subject of the present article is the conceptual metaphor of the dog in Divan-e Shams; In this article, which is done analytically-descriptively and in the form of library collection; After the introductory discussions, the main part of the research examines inferential patterns, sensory domains, ambiguous generalizations, general and detailed maps of each sample along with determining the frequency of each of the destination domains and provides the necessary explanations. Below are some of them. According to Rumi, the common denominator of all areas of negative destination is negligence, which must be removed from the eyes of the seeker in order to achieve human perfection through austerity, love and affection for the eternal lover. Rumi, with the metaphor of a dog, shows the audience that there is no absolute evil in the world and that man is both prone to human perfection and ready to fall to the bottom of the saflin.
ahmad Omidvar; askar babazadeh aghadam
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of problem arrays in the Quran, its correct translation method and to examine the performance of translators of literal, semantic and interpretive methods in its translation.For this purpose, a descriptive-analytical method was used. This array has ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of problem arrays in the Quran, its correct translation method and to examine the performance of translators of literal, semantic and interpretive methods in its translation.For this purpose, a descriptive-analytical method was used. This array has been entered seventy-seven times in the Quran in a research and destiny method, the incorrect translation of which in some cases (especially trickery, deception, forgetfulness, to God). For this purpose, five examples of these cases were analyzed and while expressing the real meaning and proving the array of problems in them, the translators' translations were mentioned and evaluated below each verse.After discussion, it was found that the best way to translate this linguistic phenomenon is to use the interpretive method, provided that the apparent meaning of the word is mentioned first, then the meaning is given in the form of an interpretive explanation in parentheses or parentheses, on the one hand beauty and The effect of the array should not be lost and on the other hand, suspicion should be avoided. The most inappropriate method of translation for this method of expression is literal translation. Dear translators, in the shadow of translating this array, adopt a suitable method that they adhere to throughout the Quran. They have not done so, which indicates that they do not have a clear correct method. Therefore, it is suggested that respected translators be more careful in presenting new translations .
Hamid JafariGhariyehali
Abstract
The Use of Predicate in Meaning and Rhetoric development of SpeechAssociate Professo, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Vali-e-Asr University of RafsanjanAbstractToo much concern with structure of literary works yields interesting outcomes but, in some ...
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The Use of Predicate in Meaning and Rhetoric development of SpeechAssociate Professo, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Vali-e-Asr University of RafsanjanAbstractToo much concern with structure of literary works yields interesting outcomes but, in some cases, significantly undermines their contextual richness. Structural analysis that lays emphasis on observable manifestations of language and seeks to identify components of words, phrases and sentences, mostly neglects effects of syntax in conveying new meanings. In Persian language, a predicate adjective is used as a subject complement in relative clauses. The present study is a descriptive-analytic examination of semantic role of predicate adjective in the relationship between thoughts and stylistic features. Results indicate that predicate adjective is a word that modifies a preceding subject and plays a significant role in enriching rhetoricism and meaning-making. Keywords: Persian syntax, predicate adjective, meaning-making, rhetoricismKeywords: Persian syntax, predicate adjective, meaning-making, rhetoricism
Hossein Hasanpoor Alashti; Rashin Mobasheri
Abstract
The poet presents all the stimuli in his poem using weight, choice of words, metaphors, tone of expression, sound arrays, etc .; Therefore, by fragmenting each poem and contrasting the main elements of the poem with the functions of the image, it is possible to find the root and better understand the ...
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The poet presents all the stimuli in his poem using weight, choice of words, metaphors, tone of expression, sound arrays, etc .; Therefore, by fragmenting each poem and contrasting the main elements of the poem with the functions of the image, it is possible to find the root and better understand the relationship between text and image. The way of thinking that results from the influence of brain processes can produce a variety of syntactic rules; Therefore, various factors including motivation, fear, emphasis, etc. cause the position of words to shift and produce different types of expressive and verbal arrays, which in turn creates different visual regions. Nimayoshij's poem "On a Cold Winter Night" uses cinematic imagery because it returns from the starting point to the same point as it moves. And has visual richness to take advantage of the secondary meaning of words. This poem with an independent image and also limited in terms of vocabulary, using the style of symbolism, By creating visualization in order to prove by focusing on the concepts of night and winter, it is associated with the social function of poetry. In terms of imaging structure, night and winter as the central image are at the center Poetic images have been created using similes as well as symbolism. The tone of this image is based on the music of the poem bahr-ramal, is addressed.
maryam hoseinabadi
Abstract
Every book in any scientific field and in any language, early or late, has room for critique and study. Because it definitely has its strengths and weaknesses, and criticism is basically nothing but showing its strengths and weaknesses, rhetoric books in Persian are no exception to this principle."Ma'alim ...
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Every book in any scientific field and in any language, early or late, has room for critique and study. Because it definitely has its strengths and weaknesses, and criticism is basically nothing but showing its strengths and weaknesses, rhetoric books in Persian are no exception to this principle."Ma'alim al-Balaghah" is one of the most popular and reference books of rhetoric in Persian language, which has several strengths in comparison with similar sources, and of course, in some topics, it is not empty of weaknesses. Including in the subject of irony. In this article, after introducing the irony array, the topic of irony in "Ma'alim al-Balaghah" has been reviewed according to earlier Persian sources.Carefulness in the definitions, divisions and example evidence presented in this article shows that "Ma'alim al-Balaghah" like Persian rhetorical sources before it is still dominated by Arabic rhetorical sourcesThe research method in this article is library and of the type of critique and analysis in such a way that the different parts of the subject of irony in "Ma'alem al-Balaghah" after introduction, in terms of the degree of Persianization and appropriateness to the requirements and facilities of Persian language and Persian-speaking audience. Reviewed.Keywords: criticism, irony, rhetoric teachers, rhetoric
mohammad dast pisheh; Alireza Nabilou; farhad tambasbi
Abstract
Climatic literature contains geographical, economic, social, cultural, political and historical elements of a particular region. In the present study, in a descriptive-analytical manner, one of the prominent climatic elements, namely the image and its constituent elements, has been studied. Some of the ...
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Climatic literature contains geographical, economic, social, cultural, political and historical elements of a particular region. In the present study, in a descriptive-analytical manner, one of the prominent climatic elements, namely the image and its constituent elements, has been studied. Some of the results of the present study are as follow: The use of triple image types in the novel, including linguistic imagery with sensory words labeled with high frequency that creates the lexical style of the work; a variety of imagery and creative simulations of the novel, due to its abundance create simile and climatic style, as well as the images from the art of painting and other arts. And most importantly, it has introduced a new type of image that has given all scattered images a special coherence and unity effect and has a dynamic and active role in the whole effect. This type of image is the image in the context, which is the result of the author's new and sophisticated approach to the image based on new studies of literary criticism in the vertical axis. The author, with the power of storytelling and its climatic color, has strengthened the truth of the work, regretful look in the prose was obviously shown an image of damage to the native culture and it is why the work was created. Another result of the study is the presentation of the dual climatic elements of the north and the Turkmens that has provided the ground for the creation of new images.
Zakiye Rajabi; Mehyar Alavi Moghaddam; Mahmoud Firouzimoghaddam
Abstract
Aristotle considered rhetoric to be the art of discovering and using tools that could be useful for motivating the listener. The study of linguistic productions in discourse, which is a system beyond, is also in the field of sign-semantics studies. Signs in discourse relations become dynamic, plural, ...
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Aristotle considered rhetoric to be the art of discovering and using tools that could be useful for motivating the listener. The study of linguistic productions in discourse, which is a system beyond, is also in the field of sign-semantics studies. Signs in discourse relations become dynamic, plural, and fluid, and are no longer subject to Saussure's established relations. Many of these rhetorical traditions can be considered as the definition of a semiotic act which is a way to aesthetics that are able to produce meaningful inferences beyond the knowledge of metaphors and symbols with the help of signs in the minds of audiences and observers. In sign-semantics, pre-determined meanings based on signifier and signified relations give way to meanings that are a function of conflict and tension between language levels, and are removed from the form of ordinary and conventional signs with a common function. Symptoms become unusual, evolving, and unstable. The gypsy novel by the fire by Moniro Ravanipour contains a set of signs that in the form of narrative discourse, intend to induce meanings that are the result of recognizing the relationship between these signs. Based on descriptive-analytical method, qualitative data analysis method and inductive reasoning method, this study will examine the semantic systems of discourse, aesthetics and effective elements in the relationship between the sign system and the semantic system that is affected by the rhetoric of signs in this novel.
Naghi Zarrintareh Marajel; Fatemeh Modarresi; Bahman Nozhat
Abstract
Abstract:The Man naturally wants beauty and knows something beautiful that can attract his attention. This sense of pleasure from the beauty of anything or anyone comes from understanding the order and harmony in it.In the aesthetic discussions, various factors such as symmetry, balance, rotation, proportion, ...
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Abstract:The Man naturally wants beauty and knows something beautiful that can attract his attention. This sense of pleasure from the beauty of anything or anyone comes from understanding the order and harmony in it.In the aesthetic discussions, various factors such as symmetry, balance, rotation, proportion, repetition, contradiction, etc. can be considered to beautify a work or phenomenon. Symmetry is one of the most important factors in creating beauty.Symmetry as one of the most fundamental foundations of art and beauty plays an undeniable role in the majority of arts and sciences in understanding the order between the components. These include arts and sciences such as math, geometry, astronomy, architecture, music, painting, carpet weaving, design, illumination, carving, literature, and more.Symmetry in Persian literature can be studied in three outward, semantic, and phonetic aspects, and among them simile is the widest manifestation of semantic symmetry.Farsi similes use four types of reflective, transitional, rotational, and congruity symmetries. But the reflection symmetry has a high frequency. In this essay we will attempt to examine the manifestation of symmetry in the simile by mentioning examples.
tahereh koochekiyan; fereshteh farzishoub
Abstract
استعاره، به عنوان یکی از زیباترین وخلاقانه ترین فنون ادبی، همواره مورد توجه نظریه پردازان علم بلاغت بوده است. از زمان ورود این فن ادبی به عرصه ادب فارسی، بلاغت دانان فارسی، ...
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استعاره، به عنوان یکی از زیباترین وخلاقانه ترین فنون ادبی، همواره مورد توجه نظریه پردازان علم بلاغت بوده است. از زمان ورود این فن ادبی به عرصه ادب فارسی، بلاغت دانان فارسی، گاه با تقلید و گاه با ذوق و ابداع، دست به تقسیمبندیهایی برای انواع استعاره در بلاغت فارسی زدهاند که آشفتگی-هایی در آن مشاهده میشود. این پژوهش با نگاهی به استعاره از آغاز تا کنون، به بررسی انتقادی دیدگاههای بلاغتدانان معاصر در حوزه استعاره میپردازد و با توجه به گستردگی موضوع، تقسیم-بندیهای استعاره بر اساس ملائمات را مورد بررسی قرار میدهد. نتیجه پژوهش حاکی از آن است که تلاشهای ادیبان فارسی در جهت بومیسازی فن استعاره در مجموع موفق نبوده است؛ چنانکه امروز، علی رغم کثرت کتابهای بلاغی فارسی، هیچ کتاب جامع و درخوری در باب علم بلاغت و فن استعاره وجود ندارد! زیرا ادیبان فارسی در نگارش آثار خود، بسیاری از نکات وظرایفِ موجود در امهات کتب بلاغی عربی را نادیده گرفته و یا در خصوص آن دچار بدفهمی شده اند. و به همین سبب در تقسیمبندی انواع استعاره اشتباهاتی فاحش داشتهاند. از سویی، آنان در تحلیل شاهد مثالها و نمونههای عربی ماخوذ از قرآن و ادبیات عرب نیز دچار لغزش شدند ودر نتیجه در جایگزینسازی شاهد مثالهایِ فارسی به جای نمونههای عربی نیز راه خطا پیمودند.شایان ذکر است خطاهای موجود در کتب بلاغی، با وجود گستردگی و فراوانی به آسانی و با اندکی دقت در کتب بلاغت عربی مرجع قابل حل است.
mehrnaz lamei; seyedmahmoud anvari; saeed farzaneh fard
Abstract
identification of style and difference of schools is the study of forms of imagination. Imagination is the main element in all classic and modern definitions. Poet takes advantage of imagination in order to establish a relationship between man and nature or discover a relation between these two. In doing ...
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identification of style and difference of schools is the study of forms of imagination. Imagination is the main element in all classic and modern definitions. Poet takes advantage of imagination in order to establish a relationship between man and nature or discover a relation between these two. In doing so, he transcends the ordinary logical form of expression and turns it into a type of poetic expression and imaginary word called poetry.Among different types of imageries, simile is of particular place in distinguishing literary words from the non-literary. This literary element has retained its own function in a continuous way in the course of evolution of Persian literature. Simile as a term consists of establishing the similarity between two or several objects in order to specify their commonality in one or a number of attributes. Then, if we want to express the meaning and common feature between two things, we make use of the technique of simile. Poets and writers including Ebtehaj and Furugh have pursued their specific goals in application of simile; including expression of the state of the thing that is likened, praise ad critique, illustration, description, bragging, summarizing, expanding, making the word imaginary and creation of theme. The present study relies on descriptive-analytic method and library resources to study the poems of Furugh and Ebtehaj from the structural perspective.
Yousef Mohammadnezhad Alizaminin
Abstract
Time is a key concept in Islamic mysticism that has been conceptualized in different ways and reflected in mystical texts under the influence of mystics' lived experiences. By studying this concept and how it is conceptualized and represented in the works of mystics, a more accurate analysis of the attitudes ...
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Time is a key concept in Islamic mysticism that has been conceptualized in different ways and reflected in mystical texts under the influence of mystics' lived experiences. By studying this concept and how it is conceptualized and represented in the works of mystics, a more accurate analysis of the attitudes and experiences of the owners of these works in different situations and times can be offered. Therefore, in the present article, we intend to answer the question of how and under what influence Rumi defined the concept of time in the studied poems by examining and analyzing the application of the concept of time and some related linguistic interpretations in the first volume of Shams. Has conceptualized contexts. The analytical approach of this research is Lakoff and Johnson's theory of conceptual metaphor, which from the point of view of cognitive linguistics, in explaining the concept of "time", have introduced the primary idea of "time is object" and the secondary ideas of "time is moving and fixed". The result of this research shows that Rumi described time with the ideas of "time as a moving object", "time as a fixed object", "time as an enclosed space and space", "time as a treasure" and "time". As a human being
