Abstract
it is believed that thoughts, experience and the culture of each nation is specific for the same nation and is reflected in their language. The article attempts to show whether the metaphors of poems in poetry of Bilingual poet (like the Shahriar ) is language – dependent or not?The theoretical ...
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it is believed that thoughts, experience and the culture of each nation is specific for the same nation and is reflected in their language. The article attempts to show whether the metaphors of poems in poetry of Bilingual poet (like the Shahriar ) is language – dependent or not?The theoretical basis of this research is conceptual metaphor of Lakoff and Johnson (1980). . The results and findings of this analysis confirmed the hypothesis and found that the frequency of occurrence of ontological metaphors in Turkish (97/3%) and Persian (99/35%) is higher than other metaphors, and metaphors of poem in poetry of Bilingual poet (like the Shahriar) is language – dependent. Statistical analysis also showed that the metaphorical fields, "Nature", "religion or belief" are universal, but the metaphorical fields, "love and saying," "socio-political" and "race" are not universal, and the claim that metaphorical concept not only are linguistic categories, but also form the basis of human thinking and behavior is confirmed. As a result, some of the metaphors are formed accordance with general principles and the other part of it is affected by cultural biases, and social. The nature of imitation or even metaphoric use of a conceptual metaphor preferred over others, influenced by cultural beliefs in the principles of universal metaphors. And metaphoric influence of culture and environment is confirmed.
Hafez Hatami
Abstract
The literary devices personification is one of the imaginative spheres which scope and subject matter in various sources is vast, entangled, and somewhat ambiguous and problematic. This aesthetic element of speech has been included in the study of contemporary Persian and Arabic literature, often under ...
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The literary devices personification is one of the imaginative spheres which scope and subject matter in various sources is vast, entangled, and somewhat ambiguous and problematic. This aesthetic element of speech has been included in the study of contemporary Persian and Arabic literature, often under the figural Proportion and Imaginary metaphor. Contemporary research also extends its discussion by preserving its former position, partly with more recent terms such as Imaginary metaphor and animism. This research, which is presented as a way of collecting, documenting, descriptive and content analysis, seeks to scientifically investigate the long-standing link between the recognition industry with other literary techniques, its structure and its status by expressing examples of different texts of traditional and contemporary literature. Finally, although no mention has been made in the Persian rhetoric for about fifty years, the industry has ranged from Sakaki’s al-Meftah and its Descriptions and the works of Abdul Qahir Jarjani and the like to contemporary contemporary literature; Various interpretations of the components and their contexts have been noted and, of course, often confused with debate, ambiguity and defamation.
Sepideh Sepehri; Ali Ein Alilou
Abstract
An investigation of Surrealism in Nader Naderpour's Poems Surrealism is the presentation of free images of subconscious mind. The aim of this method is to emancipate the imagination from reason dominance, and create original and intact themes in an atmosphere of sleep-awake and semi-conscious beyond ...
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An investigation of Surrealism in Nader Naderpour's Poems Surrealism is the presentation of free images of subconscious mind. The aim of this method is to emancipate the imagination from reason dominance, and create original and intact themes in an atmosphere of sleep-awake and semi-conscious beyond time and space. This new method makes random emerging forms of writing to appear and presents a new report of reality. As sparks of this school reflection can be retrieved in Nader Naderpur's works, this research explored Naderpur's poems and analyzed its surrealistic effects using descriptive-analytical method. The obtained result shows that Naderpur is not a surrealist poet, but surrealistic components have a colorful presence in his poems. No fear of death, creation of weird and bizarre images, the use of strange and unfamiliar similes and metaphors, frequent use of synesthesia and personification are some examples of surrealistic elements in Naderpur's poetry.Key words: Literary schools, Surreal, Surrealism, Contemporary poetry, Nader Naderpour
haleh raaie
Abstract
Rhythm and Rhyme are counted as rhetoric sciences. In addition to the music of rhythm, rhyming is a part of poem music in Persian poetry and Arabic poetry. in spite of the fact that Iranians composed poem long before Islamic period, as it is said by the researchers, Persian poetry before Islam didn’t ...
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Rhythm and Rhyme are counted as rhetoric sciences. In addition to the music of rhythm, rhyming is a part of poem music in Persian poetry and Arabic poetry. in spite of the fact that Iranians composed poem long before Islamic period, as it is said by the researchers, Persian poetry before Islam didn’t have precise rules and regulations. So after Islam, rhyming and rhythm in Persian literature have been established on the base of Arabic. Thus we ought to know these rules in Arabic poems to understand Persian ones. In rhyming in both languages, we see five parts separate from the definitions which are: rhyme borders, rhyme letters, rhyme letters movement, types of rhymes, and rhyme flaws. Differences and in commons are seen in each of them that are sometimes in the surface and sometimes basic. This lecture which is based on library research method, not only talk about and teach rhymes and its rules in Persian and Arabic, but also searches these differences and similarities. As it will be seen, the largest field of in commons in these two languages are seen in the title “rhyme borders” while title “types of rhymes” includes the most differences.
mehdi sharifian
Abstract
Parasitism in automated language is one of the key issues of modern linguistics that Goldman's proverbs has interpreted as normative. Normativeism is the most common type of "rhetoric of image" in contemporary Iranian poetry. In contrast to the literary habit or the normative avoidance, the divide is ...
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Parasitism in automated language is one of the key issues of modern linguistics that Goldman's proverbs has interpreted as normative. Normativeism is the most common type of "rhetoric of image" in contemporary Iranian poetry. In contrast to the literary habit or the normative avoidance, the divide is divided into three areas of semantic, lexical, and temporal normative. East of grief, the sound of water, the footsteps, the volume of green, and the "we are nothing, we look" we came to the conclusion that, through a variety of normative evasions, a wide range of semantic norms such as recognition, symbolism, paradox, new combinations, And is less sensitive to other forms of norm avoidance, no doubt because of their professionalism and introspection. Is on. Studying Sepehri's poetry can be a testament to the validity of such an approach, since it can make a meaningful connection between habitual thinking, (contradictory) Sepehrian thinking, and normative language avoidance. The research method in this study is based on data analysis and description. .
Suri sadeghiLimanjoobi; dore dadjooytavakoli
Abstract
Irony is one of the rhetorical forms of narration that its main characteristic is the privilege of double logic. The manifestation of this dichotomy in language is generally done through expressive methods and techniques such as: parodie, satire, allusion, sarcasm, authorization, reversal and …. ...
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Irony is one of the rhetorical forms of narration that its main characteristic is the privilege of double logic. The manifestation of this dichotomy in language is generally done through expressive methods and techniques such as: parodie, satire, allusion, sarcasm, authorization, reversal and …. The present article is examined irony In one of Fariba Wafi's most important novels and goes beyond this point that irony is just an expressive tool and explains the relationship between ironic attitude and language In the above novel. In fact, ironic attitude is expressed a special form of confronting with reality and allows the author to consider complex affair and issue of life from upper position and reflects hidden angles of position, characteristic and events with a lively and playful language. Conjunctive attention to ironic attitude and language in the My bird novel shows that all forms of ironic language and satirical allusion rooted in the method of attitude and viewing of This author. Realism In this novel refuses recording simple reality due to ironic attitude and by focusing on the reality of inner characteristic and analysis of their mentality, expresses new understanding for confronting with social time and context. At the background of this ironic view that the most accurate and clear clauses are “problematic” and they roll allusive language, multipurpose satire and slippery meaning.
kamyar saydi; hassan Soltani Kofanani
Abstract
Irony is one of the important and highly used term in the three fields of literal critics, philosophy and eloquence. There are many equivalent terms such as sarcasm, satire, quip, ridicule, etc. for it. But not of these equivalents are a comprehensive definition for it. The contrast between existence ...
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Irony is one of the important and highly used term in the three fields of literal critics, philosophy and eloquence. There are many equivalent terms such as sarcasm, satire, quip, ridicule, etc. for it. But not of these equivalents are a comprehensive definition for it. The contrast between existence and representation is the simplest definition. however, more than this contrast, irony has other components that play crucial role in its creation. Mosibatname is one of the theosophical curtsy books in which he has used this artistic technique to present theosophical and social issues in varieties of patterns based on the readers’ understanding. Atar in a superior position than others, has deeply comprehended his contemporary issues. The authors, by carrying out this analysis, have understood that Atar has used different types of irony like situational, lingual, dramatic, and Socratic in the structures of his stories. It can be said that the important reasons for using irony were flow of the story, expressing social and ethical concepts, political oppression, and Atar’s conservatism
H Tăheri
Abstract
"Metaphor" is the most important issue of the science of expression. Metaphor is a social necessity that has a collective and shared character, often referred to as the speaker's need. Its purpose is to create a special atmosphere in the mind of the listener, a space that can create a communication or ...
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"Metaphor" is the most important issue of the science of expression. Metaphor is a social necessity that has a collective and shared character, often referred to as the speaker's need. Its purpose is to create a special atmosphere in the mind of the listener, a space that can create a communication or communication between the speaker and the reader. In fact, metaphor, manifestation of imagination and the realization of the association of thoughts in the form of language.The metaphor has long been considered by the ancestors for its fundamental function in the creation of literary works. The metaphor has been categorized into several types, but among these divisions, the metaphor for which we call the "metaphor of aggregate" is empty, and so far perhaps no one has explicitly referred to the existence of this kind of metaphor.The aggregation of metaphor is bringing several layouts to a grid. The attempt to transcend the original form of metaphor and the sequential illustrations of the poet for a mash embodies the emergence of this metaphor. In this article, we are going to answer the question of whether there is such a metaphor with the descriptive-analytical method and the poetic evidence. How does this metaphor form?
Naemeh Toluie Eshlaghi; Reza Fahimi; Manijeh Fallahi
Abstract
Mirza Abdul-Qadir Bidel Dehlavi is one of the greatest poets of Indian style that has achieved a high position in ghazal and poem by utilizing metaphor and fabulous, exquisite combinations. This Great poet has left plenty of writings by using mystical concepts and with the help of literary knowledge ...
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Mirza Abdul-Qadir Bidel Dehlavi is one of the greatest poets of Indian style that has achieved a high position in ghazal and poem by utilizing metaphor and fabulous, exquisite combinations. This Great poet has left plenty of writings by using mystical concepts and with the help of literary knowledge and nature of poetry. Difficulty of diction, complexity of meaning, difficulty of content's comprehension and generally hard to understand in content and context area are Bidel's Poems Characteristics. Content and context are concepts that have impressive presence in Bidel's ghazals. He has devoted his works to these concepts from different points of view. Sometimes he Complains about incapability of context in expressing his vast mental implications and sometimes he seeks meaning among words and believes that content has never appeared without context. This essay has been investigated in Bidel's different viewpoints specially the most frequent of them in content and context zone.
nahid tehranisabet
Abstract
In structural linguistics, only sentence and relations between components are studied. Accordingly, language is subjective and intrapsychological phenomenon. But, language is considered social phenomenon and an instrument for communication by the other some. The necessity of text survey and relationship ...
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In structural linguistics, only sentence and relations between components are studied. Accordingly, language is subjective and intrapsychological phenomenon. But, language is considered social phenomenon and an instrument for communication by the other some. The necessity of text survey and relationship between language and social status has provided "the text linguistics". Basic text characteristic is sequence and continuity of its component that is called cohesion. According to Holyday devises of cohesion consist of verbal and syntactic elements. Verbal cohesion takes place in two ways, repetition and collocation that have different types. Many figures of diction are considered repeat types. Also, some of the figures of thought are of collocation types that have effective role in text creation. On this basis, figures of speech function is made text coherent in additional beautification. The role of the coherence of a figurative device is another function that helps to produce text, which is more clearer in modern poetry.
vahid alibaygi; Mohammad Amir Obidi Nia; alireza mozaffari
Abstract
Contrary to the classical theory that regards metaphor as purely literary and linguistic, contemporary theory asserts that the human perceptual system is fundamentally arithmetic and that the metaphor is unconsciously pervasive, inhumane, and inhumane. With the layout of this theory by Lycaf and Johnson, ...
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Contrary to the classical theory that regards metaphor as purely literary and linguistic, contemporary theory asserts that the human perceptual system is fundamentally arithmetic and that the metaphor is unconsciously pervasive, inhumane, and inhumane. With the layout of this theory by Lycaf and Johnson, metaphor lost its classical meaning and entered a new phase of concepts. Various linguistic definitions of metaphor led us to analyze Khaghani's poetry, which was the culmination of all kinds of metaphors, and to find all the foundations of modern linguistics based on the conceptual metaphor and the definitions of Lycaf and Johnson in his poem. In his understanding of metaphor, he originated the realm of the notion of A to reach the intended metaphorical goal by cognitive factors. In this study, which is done by analyzing and describing the scriptures, Khaghani uses a variety of mappings with understanding of various metaphors to provide examples of evidence based on the analysis and drawing of various forms to further understand the audience in order to prove this. Let us assume that the metaphor in Khaghani's poetry has all the criteria in cognitive linguistics, and the contemporary theories about the metaphors used in his poetry are remarkable.
batool mahdavi; mahshid rouhi
Abstract
Humor is one of the most important literary genres, which has been the subject of criticism of social issues throughout the history of literature in the land, especially after the constitutional movement. In addition to analyzing themes and targeting humor, the study of satirical works can also explore ...
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Humor is one of the most important literary genres, which has been the subject of criticism of social issues throughout the history of literature in the land, especially after the constitutional movement. In addition to analyzing themes and targeting humor, the study of satirical works can also explore humorous techniques, which are effective in understanding and understanding audiences and in furthering their study of satirical works. Reza Rafi is one of the contemporary satirists of our country, who has satire on poetry and prose. He uses a variety of humorous techniques to convey his critical views of the country's economic, social and cultural disruptions, which both make the audience laugh and punish officials. Although Rafi has a passion for social justice and freedom of expression in the role of a committed comedian, his humor is sweet and unmistakable. The present paper, organized in a descriptive-analytical manner, examines the themes and objectives of the Harf e ezafe book, the triple linguistic, rhetorical, and situational techniques of humor. The result of the present study, however, is that the benefit of most of the humorous techniques, especially the use of slang and colloquial language, in linguistics and transcendence, and the rhetoric of transcendence and the creation of humorous situations have been profited by the description. The authors of the subcategories of humor, such as: irony, theatrical writing, and punctuation, have not been ignorant of the HARFE EZAFE" and have examined appropriate examples of these categories...
