Rhetoric
Alireza Nabilou; Mahdiyye Ghasemi
Abstract
In this article, Makhzan al asrar & Mazhar al asrar's Similarities investigated and Categorize In terms of Subjective and structure The pillars and the shape and After matching the two poets' similarities Provided Statistical analysis of them.One of the goals of this Analytical comparative approach ...
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In this article, Makhzan al asrar & Mazhar al asrar's Similarities investigated and Categorize In terms of Subjective and structure The pillars and the shape and After matching the two poets' similarities Provided Statistical analysis of them.One of the goals of this Analytical comparative approach is Statistical analysis of two work simulations and Specify the amount of initiative and imitation of their speakers.We found out through this review, 2254 couplet of Makhzan al asrar has 631similes and 2990 couplet of Mazhar al asrar has 680 similes Which shows the compactness of Nezami's similes relative to Abdi beig. Nezami is more simile and illustrative than Abdi Beig, despite its lesser couplet. There is a wide view from two poets. Among likened topics, has an appearance human characteristics and and abstract. The frequency of using objects in similar to is higher. Another important point is Similarity angle, their newness and oldness. Both poets to get rid of repetition and stereotypes; On one side of the simile, they bring a Similar composition or metaphors to create an imaginary simile. Out of the total of 631 similes in Makhzan-Al Asrar, 56, and out of the total of 680 similes of Mazhar-Al Asrar, 35 are are new and original. The angle of simile in Nizami's poems is more open compared to Abdi Beyg's poems. In terms of formal structure, although both poets have used different types of similes in their poetry; but most of the similes in these two works are eloquent and separate.
Rhetoric
ahmad jafari; Abbas ali vafaei
Abstract
In Khaqani's Diwan a 6th-century pictorial poet, a large part of the images are made using only one specific word; This means that Khaqani can give an artistic function to a simple word. The word treasure, which has a special place in Supernatural sciences, spells and burials, is one of these words. ...
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In Khaqani's Diwan a 6th-century pictorial poet, a large part of the images are made using only one specific word; This means that Khaqani can give an artistic function to a simple word. The word treasure, which has a special place in Supernatural sciences, spells and burials, is one of these words. In Mohammad Reza Shafi'i Kadkani's six division, rhetorical criticism analyzes the philosophy of the formation of rhetorical images by using six elements, which are: music-making and meaning-making industries, deceptive audience, lexical choice. And semantic breadth, norm breaking, connection with tradition and cultural and religious background and expressive topics. Using analytical methods in rhetorical criticism based on partial images can lead to the expansion of rhetorical techniques in literature while revealing the ambiguous points of rhetorical images of traditional Persian literature.Examining the rhetorical images created by the word treasure in Khaqani's poetry based on Shafii Kadkani's six-fold classification shows that the poet's mastery over the historical and cultural background has caused the word treasure to turn from a simple three-letter word into a functional rhetorical component. Become an artist.Rhetorical criticism, Shafi'i Kadkani, treasure and Supernatural Sciences , Khaqani's rhetorical illustrations, six categories of the basics of literary arrays.
Rhetoric
Leila Nowruzpur
Abstract
Yadollah Royaee In his theoretical works, takes a critical view in imagery of traditional poetry. According to him, imagery in classical poetry is static , while in contrast, Spacemantalism is dynamic. This article analyzes critically his points of view and the examples mentioned in his theoretical works. ...
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Yadollah Royaee In his theoretical works, takes a critical view in imagery of traditional poetry. According to him, imagery in classical poetry is static , while in contrast, Spacemantalism is dynamic. This article analyzes critically his points of view and the examples mentioned in his theoretical works. Furthermore, by examining Royaee 's claimed examples of spacemantalism in classical poetry, it becomes evident that these images are common types in classical rhetoric and any ambiguity in the imagery is resolved with its context and literary traditions, they stand apart his contemporary examples.The claim of this article is that to achieve a precise understanding of Spacemantalism, one must go beyond manifesto and solely engage in analyzing Royaee's poems. Using an inductive and descriptive-analytical approach, the images in the collection of "Labrikhehā" are analyzed in terms of expressing the relationship between reality and the appearances of reality, as well as the concept of distance or espace. The results demonstrate that various types of imagery, including classical structure imagery, imagery through spatialization, cluster imagery, mythological imagery, and symbolic imagery, are employed in his poems. The unspoken aspects of imagery, connotations of words related to imagery, and the expansiveness of imagery on the form contribute to the complexity of Spacemantal imagery. If Spacemantalism is merely understood as lack of neiberhood, then Spacemantal images are plentiful, but if the criterion is the ultimate cause, they are scarce. Spacemantal imagery is relative, implying an indirect relationship or distance between the hierarchical elements of the image.
Rhetoric
fatemeh jabbari ghare bagh; Najmeh Dorri; said Bozorg bigdeli
Abstract
The identity of a society is composed of various elements, one of the most important of which is literature and folk literature. The development of technology and the emergence of new technologies that have led to the creation of a global village have affected and threatened the native literature and ...
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The identity of a society is composed of various elements, one of the most important of which is literature and folk literature. The development of technology and the emergence of new technologies that have led to the creation of a global village have affected and threatened the native literature and culture of each region. This problem has caused the distance between people and literature to increase. The aim of the present study is to examine the current situation of the use of literature in the lives of Iranian people and to analyze the causes and obstacles for the marginalization of literature in the contemporary period. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 19 trustees, experts, and citizens, and the data were analyzed according to the application of the grounded theory technique, extracting 159 primary codes and 18 categories. Subsequently, these categories were presented within the framework of Strauss and Corbin's axial coding. The central phenomenon identified in this research, due to the concern of the interviewees and its repetition in all interviews, was "the lack of application of literature in people's lives." The reasons given for the decline in the presence of literature in society were "the predominance of the negative aspect of technology," "the lack of a sense of necessity in society," "the weakness of the educational system," "the lack of awareness of the public," and "the diversity and weakness of decision-making institutions in the field of culture."
Rhetoric
Fatemeh esfandiyarimehni
Abstract
Discovering the poetic highlights of poets leads to more enjoyment of the text. Nezami Ganjavi is one of the poets who has been able to create a special meaning in the text with his creativity and innovation in the choice of words and double the beauty of understanding it. Among these innovations, we ...
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Discovering the poetic highlights of poets leads to more enjoyment of the text. Nezami Ganjavi is one of the poets who has been able to create a special meaning in the text with his creativity and innovation in the choice of words and double the beauty of understanding it. Among these innovations, we can point out the symmetry of the two axes of syntagmatic and paradigmatic using irony , allusion and symmetry, that the poet performs the act of choosing from the axis of syntagmatic according to the use of words on the axis of paradigmatic. In this research, by using the descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to examine these symmetries in the two systems of Khosrow and Shirin ,Leili and Majnoon of Nezami. The findings of the research show that there is a balance between the two axes of syntagmatic and paradigmatic, and the discovery of one of the poetic prominences in one axis leads to the discovery of another prominence in another literary axis.
Rhetoric
Behnaz Alipour Gaskari
Abstract
Discourse has a social nature, and this is important in journalistic writings. The present article examines and analyzes the structures and components of discourse and rhetorical aspects in the writings of Siddiqa Daulatabadi included in the Women's Language magazine (1298) in order to show the worldview, ...
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Discourse has a social nature, and this is important in journalistic writings. The present article examines and analyzes the structures and components of discourse and rhetorical aspects in the writings of Siddiqa Daulatabadi included in the Women's Language magazine (1298) in order to show the worldview, social intentions, the relationship between the text and the discourse of power through language. Sometimes it is done directly and sometimes implicitly. Journalism in Iran during the constitutional era succeeded in providing the path of awareness and modernity in the tyrannical society of Iran by taking advantage of the many possibilities of language. A wide range of Daulatabadi's writings are related to women's issues, focusing on the establishment of elementary schools for girls, the demand for women's social rights, and political criticism. His articles in this publication can be examined due to its historical importance in the presentation of these materials in the constitutional period and after. Daulatabadi created a new discourse in the social history of women with a belligerent and critical discourse and calling women to social action. This advantage is due to a pen that has benefited from the intellectual and literary (rhetorical) possibilities of the material. Dilatation's revolutionary discourse in the last years of the publication of the publication was placed in a discursive rotation in the direction of confirming the discourse of power. This discourse is expressed at the linguistic and rhetorical level with complete and short sentences, sometimes questions and emphasis on rewriting.
Rhetoric
Hasan Shamyan; Samane Jafari; Mohammad Alizade Meresht
Abstract
: Khaghani's poems are difficult to find due to the inclusion of terms of various sciences, allusion, metaphors and strange and sometimes multi-layered kennings. Therefore, in most cases, It is necessary for the reader to understand the meaning and rhetorical subtleties of the poem, to be familiar with ...
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: Khaghani's poems are difficult to find due to the inclusion of terms of various sciences, allusion, metaphors and strange and sometimes multi-layered kennings. Therefore, in most cases, It is necessary for the reader to understand the meaning and rhetorical subtleties of the poem, to be familiar with the things said. Gemology and medicine are among the sciences that he considered in creating many of his poetic themes. Therefore, considering the great impact of gems and their properties on the beauty of Khaghani's poetry, this research has investigated the rhetorical function of these precious stones in the poems of this poet in a quantitative and qualitative methid. In a quantitative study, while classifying and presenting similes and metaphors designed around high-frequency gems, it was found that red stones and in particular, Lal, are the most frequent stones in Khaghani's poetry and It has the most similes and metaphors due to its ability to depict the lover's lips and wine in lyrical poetry, as well as tears and blood in elegies and of course the shortness of the word. In the qualitative section, the construction of multi-layer similes and metaphors with similarity in terms of color and other gemological and medical properties was investigated. Also, beautiful Figuresof speech such as compound puns, iham tabadur and various types of allusion derived from the names of jewels were explained Also, beautiful Figuresof speech such as compound puns, iham tabadur and various types of allusion derived from the names of jewels were explained.
Rhetoric
shamsolah shams; masuod sepahvandi
Abstract
With the advancements in linguistics and literary criticism of language, nowadays it is possible to analyze and examine works, especially lasting literary works, in order to understand the secret of the immortality of these rich creations. Rhetorical criticism is one of the vibrant and dynamic criticisms ...
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With the advancements in linguistics and literary criticism of language, nowadays it is possible to analyze and examine works, especially lasting literary works, in order to understand the secret of the immortality of these rich creations. Rhetorical criticism is one of the vibrant and dynamic criticisms that exists in Persian literature, and under the shadow of this important tool, one can find out about the discussion and the inner secrets of the poet's and writer's thinking. Examining the literaryness of each text and its recognition is mostly shown with poetic eloquence and it is with the help of this criticism that one can distinguish between one work and another. Examining the secondary purposes of sentences, especially compositional sentences, is one of the important topics of semantic science. Meanwhile, rhetorical questioning is one of the most effective types of this artistic trick. In fact, rhetorical questions and their secondary purposes are worthy of investigation and research as an artistic method.In this analytical and descriptive research, Baroush first examined the structure of interrogative sentences in the satires of three poets of the constitutional period, and then examined the frequency of interrogative devices in their poems. We have shown the habits of questioning and rhetorical function in the poems of the three mentioned poets. The main problem of this research is to discover the hidden rhetorical code in the interrogative sentences of satires of the constitutional era.
Hashem Karami; Nasrin Aliakbari; Zaniar Naghshbandi
Abstract
AbstractThe theory of conceptual metaphor is a new approach to the subject of metaphor by which the ways of representing abstract concepts in literary texts and automatic language are investigated. This research is based on the mentioned theory. Its method is descriptive-analytical and it tries to analyze ...
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AbstractThe theory of conceptual metaphor is a new approach to the subject of metaphor by which the ways of representing abstract concepts in literary texts and automatic language are investigated. This research is based on the mentioned theory. Its method is descriptive-analytical and it tries to analyze the ways of representing the abstract concepts of life and death in Yadullah Behzad's poems. The findings of the research indicate that Yadullah Behzad has used various sources to objectify the abstract concepts of "Life and Death". Anthropomorphism, animalism, objectification, agency and natural elements are among the fields of origin used in order to objectify the concepts of "death and life". In the meantime, the areas of life are more abundant than death, which can indicate that the poet is trapped in the problems and problems of life. The low frequency of areas of origin of death can also be somewhat controversial because the daily conflicts of life can prevent anyone from paying attention to death. In the end, it should be said that Yadullah Behzad has subverted "Life and Death" with a single instrumental look; Because whenever these two categories are in line with reaching the goals of his heart, he loves them and whenever they are in conflict with his wishes, he condemns them.
Rhetoric
Ahmad Kanjoori; Ali Noori; mohammad reza roozbeh
Abstract
Allusion is referred to as a story, tale, parable, poem, verse or hadith, without explicit details, which enriches the spiritual and emotional sides as well as imaginative and affective sides of speech. The poets' approach to the allusion is not the same. Studying the ways of poets and writers looking ...
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Allusion is referred to as a story, tale, parable, poem, verse or hadith, without explicit details, which enriches the spiritual and emotional sides as well as imaginative and affective sides of speech. The poets' approach to the allusion is not the same. Studying the ways of poets and writers looking at the allusion, especially the exploration of the allusion types, and the ways and devices of developing of meaning and structure of the allusion in their works, illuminates valuable proofs in the style, structure, and content of their works. Qaisar Aminpour is one of the most successful poets of neo-sonnet that his allusions despite many similarities with others allusions, have new features. In this article, the allusions of Qaisar’s neo-sonnets, techniques for de-familiarization of the allusions and their structures are analyzed in a descriptive-analytic method. The results show that in the Qaiser’s neo-sonnets, although the allusions appear to have largely ceased to be horizontal axis, many of them have evolved in the vertical axis and, in some cases, have reached the structural allusion level. In these cases, the allusion is spread throughout the poem or at least to a few caplets. Aminpour prefers to create a well and solid structure using the allusion-generator and ambiguity-creator proportions. In content, non-Iranian religious allusions are more likely to involve his mind and psyche, and literary allusions then have more frequency. In Aminpoor’s neo-sonnet the non-Iranian mythical, historical, and mystical allusions have not been used.
